S. Korea's facing demographic cliff; what social reforms does the country need?
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S. Korea's facing demographic cliff; what social reforms does the country need? |
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한국 출산율 꼴찌 저출생 대책 실효성은?
With the ultralow fertility rate, South Korea is aging fast.
Recent data has shown that, for the first time, the number of people aged over 70 has surpassed those in their 20s.
Seoul has been struggling to address this ongoing demographic crisis but the measures up til now do not seem to have been that effective.
Though South Korea is suffering from the low fertility rate the most among OECD member states, other countries too are looking for ways to tackle theirs.
How serious is this demographic cliff?
And to deal with this issue, what kind of system of reform would be needed?
For more on this, we invite Professor Choi Hyunsun from Myongji University.
Welcome to the show, Professor Choi.
We also have Doctor Willem Adema, Senior Economist from the OECD Social Policy Department.
Good to see you, Doctor Adema.
(ADEMA) Q1. South Korea has the lowest fertility rate and an aging society and this led the number of people over 70 to surpass the number of people in their 20s for the first time since national demographics began being compiled. What's the economic and social impact of such a demographic cliff?
(CHOI) Q2. The low fertility rate and population decline is not just a problem for South Korea, but for China and Japan as well. One expert even pointed out that they are all going through social degradation due tot he demographic cliff. What do East Asian countries have in common regarding this issue?
(ADEMA) Q3. Let's take a look at cases in other countries and on other continents as well. The UK and France have fertility rates higher than South Korea's, yet their figures are also in decline and they are scrambling to come up with a lot of measures to tackle the issue. What is the situation like in these countries?
(CHOI) Q4. Alright, now let's see if the country's countermeasures are effective enough. In order to tackle this issue, the government and lawmakers have been coming up with cash support solutions ranging from large-scale housing stipends to cash subsidies. However, experts point out cash support is not effective. What is your view on this?
(ADEMA) Q5. Many say another fundamental reason behind the low fertility rate is the highly competitive education environment, expensive costs that burden parents. How serious is it and how should it be adjusted?
(CHOI) Q6. And so, the government is pushing to carry out education reforms --implementing after-school care services at elementary schools, and early childhood education. What are these policies about, and how do you expect these measures to work?
(CHOI) Q7. Moving on to another reason behind low fertility rate according to the data, South Korea's maternity and parental leave conditions are the lowest among the member states of the OECD. What do the government's family-related policies look like?
(ADEMA) Q8. Alright, to better tackle the issue, we need to sometime refer to overseas cases. We talked about UK and France. What measures did they come up with to tackle the low fertility rate?
(ADEMA) Q9. Doctor Adema, you reportedly proposed the consideration of other measures as well such as extending the retirement age as it would take between 20 to 25 years for policies to take effect. Could you elaborate more on this?
(BOTH) Q10. Lastly, how should South Korea view this demographic cliff issue, and what should the government readily focus on?
Unfortunately, that's all the time we have for today's edition.
Thank you Professor Choi, and Doctor Adema for your time and insights.
We appreciate it.
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2024-02-01, 18:30 (KST) |
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