Hoxie, Arkansas Challenges Brown v Board of Education
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Hoxie, Arkansas Challenges Brown v Board of Education |
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This Video Uploaded At 17-05-2021 07:00:11 |
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Like most school systems here in the segregated South, up until 1955, the city of Hoxie’s schools were separate but not equal. For grades 1-8, there was only one black school here, with but a single teacher. That all began to change on June 25, 1955, in response to the just handed down Brown v. Board of Education ruling -- a federal mandate for all schools to integrate.
In response, Hoxie's superintendent, Kunkel Vance, spearheaded plans to integrate the towns’ schools. He received the unanimous support of his school board, and on July 11th of that year, Hoxie schools allowed African American students to attend in order to do "what was morally right in the sight of God," said Vance, and to "uphold the law of the land." Although there were many nervous parents, the school openings went smoothly... within the walls of the schools, that is. Outside those walls, Hoxie attracted national attention as gun-toting segregationists protested, and asserted there was a plot between African-Americans, Communists, and Jews, and advocated for the death of "Race Mixers.''
A group of local citizens led by soybean farmer Herbert Brewer confronted the school board and. Brewer then organized a “White Citizens Council,” calling for students, both black and white, to boycott the schools.
This resulted in a third of the white students refusing to attend the schools. Lawyer Amis Guthridge, the leader of White America, Inc., attempted to draw more outside influence into the fray, inflaming passions with wild statements such as calling school integration a "plan that was founded in Russia in 1924 to mongrelize the white race in America." The Hoxie School Board filed suit against segregationist leaders, charging them with trespassing on school property and intimidating school officials.
By that fall of 1955, US District Judge Thomas Trimble ruled that pro-segregationists had "planned and conspired" to prevent integration in Hoxie, issuing a permanent restraining order against them. The segregationists’ appeal was opposed by US Attorney General Herbert Brownell, marking the first intervention by an attorney general in support of a school district attempting to comply with the Brown decision.
All agreed that threats were being made, and violence could have erupted at any moment. It demonstrated that reason could be restored at the conference table where there is a dedication by the parties to the public interest. That is the lesson to be learned from Hoxie.
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