TriumFit Challenge: "Abode on the Underground Railroad" Juneteenth Tribute
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TriumFit Challenge: "Abode on the Underground Railroad" Juneteenth Tribute |
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Assorted Fun Facts about the Underground Railroad:
*so some Quakers were AGAINST slavery, but yea William Penn HAD SLAVES and wasn't very enlightened at the time, so had to correct that one in post...
FACTS:
Experts estimate approximately 100,000 slaves used the Underground Railroad to escape slavery.
Most slaves who used the Underground Railroad escaped to northern U.S. states and to Canada. A little known fact is that some slaves actually escaped to the Caribbean and Mexico.
An organized system of routes and hideouts to assist escaped slaves reach freedom existed as early as the 1780s; however it was not until the 1830s that is was referred to as the Underground Railroad. It was most active in the 1850s.
It was typical for the escape routes to be traveled by foot and at night to avoid detection. The escaped slaves would travel from one hideout to the next which were generally 10 to 20 miles apart. They would sometimes stay at one hideout for days until it appeared safe to move to the next hideout.
The people involved in the Underground Railroad used railroad jargon to refer to peoples roles in the escape network; these included conductors, station masters, and operators. This was devised to help maintain secrecy. The escaped slaves were called passengers or cargo.
Harriet Tubman was the most famous "conductor" of the Underground Railroad; helping numerous slaves escape to freedom. She was proud that she never lost one "passenger". Other important people involved in this escape network were Frederick Douglass, Levi Coffin, Thomas Garrett, William Lloyd Garrison, and William Still.
Many people, both black and white, worked as conductors on the Underground Railroad; guiding escaped slaves along the escape routes and providing safe shelter. Many conductors were themselves escaped slaves, like Harriet Tubman, who risked re-enslavement or death if caught. Many were Quakers who thought slavery was un-Christian and felt compelled to help their fellow human beings.
Levi Coffin was an important member of this secretive network and was referred to as the "President of the Underground Railroad". His home, due to the number of slaves that passed through there, was referred to as the "Grand Station of the Underground Railroad".
The hideouts along the escape routes often had hidden compartments or areas where slaves could hide.
The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 allowed for the return of slaves, who had escaped to free states in the north, to their slave masters in the south. This prompted most escaped slaves to head for Canada where they would be safe.
The Fugitive Slave Act made life for members of the Underground Railroad more dangerous. This act made aiding an escaped slave a crime punishable by a jail term of up to 6 months or by a fine of up to one thousand dollars.
Harriet Tubman was born Araminta Ross. She would later adopt the name "Harriet" after her mother: Harriet Ross. The surname Tubman comes from her first husband, John Tubman, who she married in 1844.
Harriet was born a slave and raised on Maryland's Eastern Shore where the lines between slavery and freedom were often blurred. It was not unusual for families in this area to include both free and enslaved members. Harriet's own husband, John Tubman was a free black man. Her status, however, remained unchanged until she fled to Pennsylvania – a free state – in 1849. Her husband did not make the journey and ultimately re-married after Harriet's departure.
Harriet would return to Maryland many times over the next decade to rescue both family and non-famly members from the bondages of slavery. Overall, she saved around 300 people from Slavery.
Harriet earned the nickname "Moses" after the prophet Moses in the Bible who led his people to freedom. In all of her journeys she "never lost a single passenger."
Harriet wore many hats: She was an active proponent of women's suffrage and worked alongside women such as side Susan B. Anthony. During the civil war, Harriet also worked for the Union Army as a cook, a nurse and even a spy.
Harriet was acquainted with leading abolitionists of the day, including John Brown who conferred with "General Tubman" about his plans to raid Harpers Ferry.
Harriet had one daughter, Gertie, whom she and her second husband (Nelson Davis) adopted after the Civil war.
Harriet suffered life-long headaches, seizures and had vivid dreams as a result of a traumatic head injury she suffered as a teenager while trying to stand up for a fellow field hand. These same symptoms gave her powerful visions that she ascribed to God and helped guide her on many trips to the North while leading others to freedom.
Just before Harriet's death in 1913 she told friends and family, "I go to prepare a place for you." She was buried with military honors in Fort Hill Cemetery in New York.
BONUS FACT: In 2016, the U.S. Treasury Department announced that the countenance of Harriet Tubman will appear on a new $20 bill. |
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